| Title: | Early-life exposure to tobacco smoke increase risk of frailty in adulthood: evidence from a large prospective cohort study |
| Journal: | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| Published: | 14 Oct 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41088435/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-07138-2 |
| URL: | https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12967-025-07138-2 |
Publication 19175
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Abstract
BackgroundEarly-life exposure to tobacco smoke has been associated with various adverse health outcomes and is considered as a critical public health concern now. However, its impact on frailty risk remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between early-life exposure to tobacco smoke and frailty in adulthood, and to assess whether this association is independent of cumulative smoking exposure and mediated by systemic inflammation and telomere length.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the UK Biobank. Early-life exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed using two measurements: in utero tobacco smoke exposure (IUTSE) and age of smoking initiation (ASI). Frailty was evaluated by frailty index and physical frailty, respectively. Ordered logistic regression model and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the association of IUTSE and ASI with frailty.ResultsAmong participants included in the frailty index analysis, 96,934 (29.5%) had ITUSE and 18,498 (16.2%) with ASI in childhood (≤ 14 years). Compared with individuals without IUTSE, those with IUTSE had a significantly higher frailty index (β = 0.96, 95% CI 0.91-1.01) and increased risk of physical frailty (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.12-1.16). Compared to participants with ASI in adulthood (≥ 18 years), those in childhood had a significantly higher frailty index (β = 2.00, 95% CI 1.87-2.12) and increased risk of physical frailty (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.30-1.40). Similarly, participants with ASI in adolescence (15-17 years) had a moderately higher frailty index (β = 0.44, 95% CI 0.35-0.53) and slightly increased risk of physical frailty (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08). The interaction effect between IUTSE and ASI on frailty index was marginally significant (P = 0.056). Pack-years of smoking partially mediated the association between early-life exposure to tobacco smoke and frailty index, with mediation proportion of only 9.13% for IUTSE, 29.03% for ASI in childhood, and 46.93% for ASI in adolescence. Inflammatory marker and telomere length were also identified as significant mediators.ConclusionsEarly-life tobacco exposure could increase frailty risk and this association only partly explained by cumulative smoking exposure. Inflammatory marker and telomere length mediate this relationship. Our findings emphasize the importance of early-life preventive measures such as antenatal counseling and school-based interventions to reduce frailty risk in later life.</p>
12 Keywords
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Female
- Frailty
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Tobacco Smoke Pollution
5 Authors
- Zenghui Li
- Zhaoping Wang
- Senhai Yu
- Xuhui Zhang
- Yimin Zhu
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 102158 | Causal gene mapping for complex traits by leveraging genomics and proteomics data |
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health