| Title: | Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscle Strength, and the Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease Independent and Combined Associations in a Prospective UK Biobank Study |
| Journal: | Mayo Clinic Proceedings |
| Published: | 30 Oct 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41171227/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2025.07.034 |
Publication 19111
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To address the limited evidence on the independent and combined roles of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength by investigating their association with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a large UK Biobank population.</p>
METHODS: This prospective cohort included 417,225 participants without baseline CKD who had complete muscle strength data, and 63,211 participants with CRF data. Muscle strength was measured by grip strength normalized to fat-free mass. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated via a submaximal stationary bike test, calculating maximal oxygen consumption in metabolic equivalents. Incident CKD was identified using hospital records, primary care data, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2). Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for demographics, lifestyle factors, medical history, medication use, and biochemical markers, were used to assess the associations of CRF and muscle strength with CKD risk. The study was conducted from January 5, 2025, through May 1, 2025.</p>
RESULTS: Over mean follow-ups of 13.2 and 12.1 years, 1946 and 15,100 participants developed CKD in the cohort of CRF and muscle strength, respectively. Both higher CRF and higher muscle strength independently correlated with reduced CKD risk. Cardiorespiratory fitness exhibited a linear inverse relationship, whereas muscle strength followed a nonlinear pattern with a threshold around 0.6 kg/kg, beyond which further increases in grip strength normalized to fat-free mass did not significantly enhance the protective effect. Participants with high levels of both CRF and muscle strength experienced the greatest risk reduction.</p>
CONCLUSION: Higher CRF and muscle strength each confer protection against CKD, with combined enhancement offering optimal benefit. Integrating aerobic and resistance training may substantially aid CKD prevention efforts.</p>
16 Keywords
- Aged
- Biological Specimen Banks
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness
- Female
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Hand Strength
- Humans
- Incidence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Strength
- Prospective Studies
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
- Risk Factors
- UK Biobank
- United Kingdom
8 Authors
- Minghui Liu
- Meng Gao
- Yizhou Wang
- Maolan Wu
- Yongchao Li
- Yu Cui
- Feng Zeng
- Zewu Zhu
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 531620 | Metabolic Communication And Healthy Aging |
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