| Title: | Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages and increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in UK Biobank |
| Journal: | American Journal of Preventive Cardiology |
| Published: | 8 Dec 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41492266/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.101369 |
Publication 17263
WARNING: the interactive features of this website use CSS3, which your browser does not support. To use the full features of this website, please update your browser.
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome poses a critical challenge for public health. However, its association with mortality risk remain inadequately characterized.</p>
Methods: 282,952 participants at baseline from the UK Biobank were monitored until November 12, 2021. Cox regression analyses evaluated the associations between CKM stages and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, respiratory diseases, and digestive system diseases.</p>
Results: Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 16,834 deaths occurred, including 15.8% from CVD, 50.3% from cancer, 6.0% from respiratory diseases, 3.6% from digestive system diseases, and 24.3% from other causes. The risk of all-cause, cancer, CVD, respiratory, and digestive mortality increased with advancing CKM stages (P < 0.001). Compared with Stage 0, the hazard ratios (HR) in Stage 4 were 2.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.11-2.58) for all-cause mortality, 10.15 (95% CI: 6.92-14.89) for CVD mortality, and 1.41 (95% CI: 1.23-1.62) for cancer mortality. Furthermore, younger adults (aged ≤ 60 years; P interaction < 0.001) had stronger associations with all-cause, CVD, cancer, and respiratory events. Significant associations were observed between current smoking and cancer mortality (P interaction < 0.001), and between previous smoking and all-cause and CVD mortality (P interaction < 0.001).</p>
Conclusions: CKM stages are strongly associated with increased all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Early identification and intervention in CKM syndrome patients could be crucial for reducing premature mortality and improving public health.</p>
9 Authors
- Tingting Xu
- Jin Wei
- Ming Xu
- Huiqin Li
- Silu Chen
- Hongsheng Ji
- Junyi Xin
- Yan Gao
- Mulong Du
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 45611 | Genome-wide cross-trait analysis for genetic architecture of pan-cancer by UK Biobank |
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health